The duality of waves and particles plays a central role in quantum mechanics. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians. Chap 12 national council of educational research and. A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Frequency of the wave f is the number of waves passing a given point in a unit of time. Notes on sound chapter 15 sound waves production produced by compressional vibrations within a medium wave crests known as compressions where the medium is above average density wave troughs known as rarefactions where the medium is below average density. Introduction waves xnoise reduces noise with minimal signal degradation while preserving excellent audio quality. Shallow water waves feel bottom move toward land these waves are in water shallower than 120th their wavelength as they reach the shore, friction slows them down, but they do become bigger 9.
The waves in front have a shorter wavelength, the waves to the rear have a longer wavelength. Xnoise is part of the waves restoration bundle, which removes clicks, crackles, and hum from vinyl records and damaged recordings. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves. It characterized on how they ascend or descend depending on the given pitch.
Their vibrations occur in the same direction as the direction of travel. Waves have a wavelength, frequency, amplitude and time period. Light, water waves and waves on a string are examples of transverse waves. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation. In the clarinet, a vibrating reed a thin piece of wood set in the mouthpiece gets the waves started. You can stretch out a slinky along the floor and give one end a back. Backandforth motion creates compression or longitudinal waves. The best way to define a note on sound waves is their frequencies. This novel is divided into nine different sections, which correspond to various parts of the lives of the six main characters. For example, the note known as middle c on a piano corresponds to a frequency of about 256 hz. The energyintensity carried by waves is proportional to the square of whatever waves at least for linear waves. Period t is the time for one complete oscillation of. This explains why you almost always see the flash of lightning before hearing the crash of the thunder.
Page 2 of 6 threshold of hearing i o approximate lowest intensity of sound that can be heard by the average human ear occurs at about hz with an intensity of 1. E youngs modulus for a solid material, or the bulk modulus for a fluid. You see light through the object, but can not see objects clearly. For example, a wave generated at 60 cycles per second has a frequency of 60 hz and can be expressed as 60s. A wave is a periodic disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. Gcse revision notes physics revision notes waves 1. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another.
Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. The wave requires a medium through which to travel, but there is no net flow of mass. Waves such as these water waves spread outward from a source. This document is highly rated by class 11 students and has been viewed 6365 times.
Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Sound waves are characterised by the motion of particles in the medium and are called mechanical waves. When a vibrating object moves forward, it pushes and compresses the air in front of it creating a region of high pressure. So chapter 16 is very much a rehash of what we have already learned speed of waves, wave. Since the speed of the wave is a constant and equal to the wavelength multiplied by the frequency, this means that the frequency of the waves traveling in front of the bug is. Different pitches are played by pressing keys that open or close holes in the tube making the air column inside the tube longer or shorter. Textbook pages 527532 sound waves are first of all waves.
Displacement is the distance of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position at any particular time amplitude a is the maximum displacement of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position. How materials transmit light transparent allows most light to pass through translucent transmit some light, but also cause it to spread in all directions. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium. Properties of sound waves sound waves travel at about 340 ms in the air much slower than the speed of light. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the.
Diffraction diffraction is the spreading of a wave passing through a narrow opening. Lessons lecture notes the physics classroom conceptual waves. Waves tend to be spread out in space or in the medium. Along with the transverse and the longitudinal waves some waves in nature demonstrate the combination of both such as water wave. Waves change at b oundaries of media so the properties of the medium determine the wave o depth of water, tension and density of rope, temperature of air, etc. The waves, by virginia woolf, is a novel published in 1931. Sound is caused by vibrations, of the front of a violin.
From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Remarkable is that sound, physical phenomena simingly very different from oscillation of a pendulum or wave on a tightened rope has same fundamental properties. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms. Although a somewhat nonintuitive mathematical abstraction a. While mechanical waves can be both transverse and longitudinal, all electromagnetic waves are transverse. Shock waves in comparison with the speed of sound waves the speed of a shock wa ve. Sound waves 1 student book 35 6 write the letters for ee e ea to finish the words.
Production of a sound wave, which is longitudinal, shown at two moments in time about a. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes sound waves. The book is targeted at the first year undergraduate science and engineering students. Waves, chapter notes, class 11, physics iitjee and aipmt.
Musical notes and frequency the notes that make up the music we listen to correspond to specific frequencies of sound. Although alice move with speed v relative to bob, she notes the same speed. Students engage in the opposite of notes, or unnotes, as they are introduced to sound and light wave interactions with hands on exploratory activities and engaging demonstrations. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. The result of longitudinal waves is the creation of compressions and rarefactions within the air. Refraction occurs when waves change speed going from one material to. The repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves is called an echo. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. Blowing across a flutes blow hole creates waves of air in the tube.
Notes on wave properties michigan state university. Sound waves can only travel through a solid, liquid or. This note is written on the basis of a book oscillations and waves in japanese 1 written by prof. The minimum distance from a sound reflecting surface to hear an echo is 16. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. Notes on wave properties and interference definition a form of energy transfer between objects, or that which transmits energy.
In the case of longitudinal waves, it is the distance between two points of. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. May 06, 2020 waves, chapter notes, class 11, physics iitjee and aipmt class 11 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 11. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes free download as powerpoint presentation. Because the range of sound intensities is so wide, it. Plan your 60minute lesson in science or waves with helpful tips from leigh roehm.
Lecture notes iii university of illinois at urbana. Notes on sound chapter 15 michigan state university. Light or electromagnetic waves are caused by a upanddown motion of electric and magnetic fields, thus making them transverse waves. The period t is the time for one wave to pass a given point. Thanks for these notes but can you plz make all into a single zip pdf it might do a great help for all jee aspirants. As the wavelength of light waves increases, the frequency also increases. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium, such as air. Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave in air is 331. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia.
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